A Slave in the White House Book Signing with Elizabeth Dowling Taylor

12/12/12 12:25 AM

Elizabeth Dowling TaylorAuthor of "A Slave in the White House" with Brett and Michelle

Elizabeth Dowling Taylor
Author of “A Slave in the White House” with Brett and Michelle

On Sunday, Brett and I attended a book signing with Elizabeth Dowling Taylor, author of “A Slave in the White House”.

The James Madison Museum in Orange, Virginia www.thejamesmadisonmuseum.org

The James Madison Museum in Orange, Virginia www.thejamesmadisonmuseum.org

The event was sponsored by the James Madison Museum

in Orange, Virginia.

Elizabeth Dowling Taylor

Elizabeth Dowling Taylor

Elizabeth Dowling Taylor received her PhD from the University of California at Berkeley. She has worked over 22 years in museum education and historical research. She was the director of interpretation at Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello and director of education at James Madison’s Montpelier. Most recently a fellow at the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, Ms. Taylor is now an independent scholar and lecturer. She resides in Barboursville, Virginia.

 A Slave in the White House

Her book, “A Slave in the White House” is about a slave from Montpelier named Paul Jennings. Jennings served as a personal servant to President James Madison during and after his White House years. After buying his freedom in 1845, Jennings would publish the first White House memoir “A Colored Man’s Reminiscences of James Madison” in which he described as “a singular document in the history of slavery and the early American republic.”

Paul Jennings

Paul Jennings

Jennings was born into slavery at Montpelier in 1799. His mother, who was African-Native American, told Jennings that his father was Benjamin Jennings, an English trader. As a child Jennings would be a companion to Dolley Madison’s son Payne Todd. At age 10, Jennings would accompany James Madison and his family to the White House as a “body servant”. In his book, Jennings would describe Washington on his arrival as a “dreary place” with unpaved streets. The White House was still under construction and the East Room was yet to be finished.

During the War of 1812, as Dolley rushed from the White House as British troops approached, it was a 15 year old Jennings along with two other men through the direction of Dolley Madison that reportedly helped save the noted Gilbert Stuart portrait of George Washington. It would later become the only surviving item of the White House before the war.

Gilbert Stuart portrait of George Washington

Gilbert Stuart portrait of George Washington

Jennings would return to Montpelier at age 18 and continue to serve James Madison as his valet for the rest of the president’s life. Jennings was with James Madison when he died in 1836. He would describe President Madison’s last moments in his book,

I was always with Mr. Madison till he died, and shaved him every other day for sixteen years. For six months before his death, he was unable to walk, and spent most of his time reclined on a couch; but his mind was bright, and with his numerous visitors he talked with as much animation and strength of voice as I ever heard him in his best days. I was present when he died. That morning Sukey brought him his breakfast, as usual. He could not swallow. His niece, Mrs. Willis, said, “What is the matter, Uncle Jeames?” “Nothing more than a change of mind, my dear. His head instantly dropped, and he ceased breathing as quietly as the snuff of a candle goes out.”

0324110546481_JenningsTitlePage-562

Paul Jennings, A Colored Man’s Reminiscences of James Madison (1865)

Jennings would marry a slave held on another plantation named Fanny and they would have five children. Dolley would take Jennings to Washington for the winter seasons. He was forced to leave his family behind only being permitted to visit them occasionally. Jennings would be the only slave in Dolley Madison’s will ever named to be freed. But due to her financial struggles, in 1844 Dolley had to sell Montpelier and all its property which included its slaves. It was that same year that Jennings’ wife Fanny would die. Dolley would hire out Jennings to President James Polk in Washington to help her survive financially.

Daniel Webster Purchase of Paul Jennings

Daniel Webster Purchase of Paul Jennings

Jennings would ask to purchase his freedom from Dolley, but she sold him to an insurance agent for $200. Quickly Senator Daniel Webster intervened and purchased him from the new owner for $120. Senator Webster would then give Jennings his freedom allowing him to work off his debt of his purchase.

Dolley Madison

Dolley Madison

It was during the time that Jennings was working for Senator Webster that Jennings would stay in contact with Dolley Madison, who still lived in the area despite her serious financial difficulties. Jennings would describe in his memoir that Senator Webster would instruct him “whenever I saw anything in the house I thought she was in need of, to take it to her.” “I often did this,” wrote Jennings, “and occasionally gave her small sums from my own pocket.”

In 1848, Jennings would help plan a mass escape of 77 slaves from Washington. It was the largest slave escape attempted in American history. Through the efforts and funding of white abolitionists William L. Chaplin and Gerrit Smith, the free black community of Washington would help the slaves escape on a 225 mile journey to freedom in the North on the schooner “Pearl”. However due to poor winds the slaves were captured and returned to Washington. Most were resold to traders in the Deep South. The two white captains, Daniel Drayton and Edward Sayres were convicted on multiple counts of aiding a slave escape and illegally transporting slaves. They served four years in jail before being pardoned by President Millard Fillmore.

Jennings would remarry again to Desdemona Brooks, a free mulatto whose mother was white. She was from Alexandria, Virginia. In the 1850s, Jennings would return to Virginia and reunite with his family. He had three sons who would join the Union cause during the Civil War. John, Franklin, William and daughter Mary would later join him in Washington.

After the war Jennings would work for the newly established Pension Bureau in the Department of Interior. He would handle claims of veterans and soldiers’ families. It was there that he met John Brooks Russell. Russell would help Jennings to gain publication for his memoir as a book in 1865.

As a free man, Jennings purchased a lot and built a home. It was here that his son John would live with him. His daughter Mary would live next door with her two children and his sons Franklin and William would live in the area. After Desdemona passed away, Jennings would remarry a third time to Amelia Dorsey. He would die in 1874 at the age of 75 in Washington.

At the book signing, we had an opportunity to hear how Elizabeth Dowling Taylor completed her research for her book. As she was talking, I found myself smiling in understanding as I too had experienced some of her joys in research. The most enjoyable part was as she described find a member of the Jennings family that was still alive and able to talk with her about her knowledge of the oral history of Jennings and his family. It is my hope that one day I might find someone with the same family history that will be able to give me more insight on the families of Belle Grove.

The author, Beth Taylor, with Sylvia Jennings Alexander, February 2009

The author, Beth Taylor, with Sylvia Jennings Alexander, February 2009

www.pauljennings.info/book.html

The most exciting part of our visit had to be a lead that Ms. Taylor gave me on a slave that could possibly have come from Belle Grove! In her research, she had uncovered a slave by the name of Billey, who was said to have come from James Madison’s grandmother. Billey would later gain his freedom from James Madison and would take the name of William Gardner. I am in the middle of this research so more to come on this!

We would like to thank the James Madison Museum for sponsoring this wonderful event!

It has provided us with leads on our research and has given us a chance to meet

the author of one a most wonderful book on slavery at Montpelier.

Facebook Link

Don’t forget to “Like” us on Facebook!

Please share us with your friends!

Posted by Michelle Darnell | in Year of the Virginia Historic Homes | 28 Comments »

28 Comments on “A Slave in the White House Book Signing with Elizabeth Dowling Taylor”

  1. vanbraman Says:

    I will be checking my library for this book.

  2. I haven’t finished it yet, but I think you will like it!

  3. Jane Sadek Says:

    A marvelous bit of history. Thanks for sharing.

  4. You are so welcome! It was wonderful!

  5. I think that book would be a great addition to our collection – amazing story. Thanks again for your dedication in preserving history.

  6. You are so welcome! I hope you enjoy the book!

  7. terry1954 Says:

    very good, interesting and informative!

  8. Thank you!

  9. David Says:

    Very, very interesting.

  10. Thank you!

  11. Maria Says:

    I’ve been so intrigued by your venture– and living in Northern Virginia, I hope to visit one day when you’re fully up and running. I love how you are incorporating Virginia history into your project. Also, I nominated your blog for the One Lovely Blog award (see here for details, http://acougarinthekitchen.com/2012/12/12/after-2-months-of-blogging-a-very-nice-fellow-blogger-nominated-me-for-the-one-lovely-blog-award/).

  12. Thank you so much! We really appreciate the nomination! It means a lot to us!

  13. marydpierce Says:

    Fascinating, as your posts always are!

  14. Thank you! It was so much fun to learn about!

  15. Mama Bear Says:

    Great story.
    When you do your research, do you ever use FamilySearch.org?

  16. You know I haven’t. Thank you for a new avenue to doing research!

  17. Mama Bear Says:

    Your welcome! In the search results, make sure you click on the actual names too. It will open up a whole new door of information.
    Good luck!

  18. Thank you!

  19. Fascinating to read about how complex and intertwined these lives were. Still. Money problems or not, it’s a little disheartening to hear Dolley Madison go back on her word.

  20. I am sure it wasn’t because she wanted to. You have to remember that her son Payne Todd had wasted away most of her money and she was still helping him. Even though Paul Jennings didn’t like the fact that she did, he must have known she didn’t want to. Even after she did, Paul would help her with things to survive on including money.

  21. So interesting. It’s so easy to forget that the history of slavery was not always so cut and dry. Thanks for this post!

  22. TBM Says:

    I need to track down a copy. I love history books about ordinary people, not just presidents or kings and queens. Even though Madison does make an appearance in this one 🙂

  23. May I suggest contacting the James Madison Museum for a copy? They have a good price on them and the money goes to help maintain the museum with all the Jame Madison items. Tell them that MIchelle from Belle Grove sent you! 😉

  24. nerdtrips Says:

    Learning about Paul Jennings was one of my favorite parts of our visit to Montpelier. What an amazing life!

  25. It was awesome to hear about him both at Montpelier and The James Madison Museum! I wish I could have been there to see the Great Little Madison in action too!

  26. The City of Boulder is the county seat for Boulder County and is the 11th
    most populous city in the state of Colorado.

    It is located at the base of the Rocky Mountains, at an elevation of 5,430 feet.
    The city is 25 miles northwest of Denver. Boulder is famous for its
    colorful Western history, and is the home of the main campus of the University of Colorado, the state’s largest university. Furthermore, the city of Boulder frequently acquires top rankings in health, well-being, quality of life, education, and art.

  27. Very nice! Thank you for sharing!

  28. Homepage Says:

    … [Trackback]…

    […] Find More Informations here: virginiaplantation.wordpress.com/2012/12/12/a-slave-in-the-white-house-book-signing-with-elizabeth-dowling-taylor/ […]…